From Empiricism to Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

From Empiricism to Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "From Empiricism to Postmodernism" states Empiricism and Postmodernism. The nature of knowledge has evolved throughout history. During the modern period, that is â€Å"since the 17th century scientific revolution and the Enlightenment, we have assumed there is a single objective reality, and science and reason offer the most effective method of discovering it†. This was highlighted during two modern philosophical traditions, i.e. rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism, which began with Rene Descartes, claimed that knowledge stems from reason alone. However, by the time John Locke came into the scene, the nature of knowledge began to shift towards the empiricism. This was at its peak with the empiricist, David Hume. Contrary to rationalism, empiricism claims that knowledge stem from our experience alone. What we can know is that which we can perceive and experience through our senses. Nevertheless, despite the contrast between these two traditions, both characterized knowledge as something structured. It both aimed towards an objective truth, which serves as the foundation of all knowledge. However, by the end of the modern era, a new tradition stepped into the scene. This was called postmodernism. Postmodernism, on the other hand, serves as a critique of the modern project. While modernism emphasized on structure, postmodernism emphasized on de-structuralizing knowledge. The new movement implies a shift from the signified to the signifier: and so there is a perpetual detour on the way to a truth. that has lost any status or finality† (Sarup 1993, p.3). Postmodernism deconstructs foundational concepts such as causality, identity, truth and knowledge. Postmodernists attack the view that there is a single unified body of knowledge. Rather, knowledge, for postmodernists, is relative. There is no single truth so to speak but a multiplicity of truths. It argues that â€Å"the human subject does not have a unified consciousness but is structur ed by language† (Sarup 1993, p.3). In this paper, I shall focus on two philosophical traditions that have shaped the way by which we perceive reality, i.e. empiricism and postmodernism. I shall show how these two traditions differ in their epistemological approaches. In doing so, I shall argue that postmodernism does not serve to give us a clear picture of knowledge. Thus, if philosophy, in its epistemological concerns, aims to search for foundations of our knowledge, then so it seems that postmodernism contradicts the very nature of philosophy in its goal to achieve a reliable and foundational theory of knowledge. Therefore, although empiricism relied too much on observable facts, it nevertheless gave us a consistent theory of knowledge, as opposed to the postmodernist epistemological approach. Given the aforementioned background, I shall divide this paper into three main parts. The first part will discuss the empiricist tradition with regards to its epistemological approache s, while the second part will discuss the postmodernist approach. Here, I shall emphasize on the difference between the manner by which both traditions define the nature and acquisition of knowledge. Finally, the third part will be devoted to my analysis regarding the issue at hand. This will serve as my conclusion. In this final section, I shall give my argument on what I believe is the more consistent and reliable framework for epistemology. In doing so, I shall defend the empiricist view on epistemology as that which upholds rather then rejects the nature of philosophy. For, structure is a necessary factor in any theory of knowledge. Postmodernism deconstructs this structure of knowledge that philosophers, since the ancient period have developed. I shall argue that postmodernism dissolves the very nature of knowledge, and this nullifies the nature of philosophy itself. Postmodernism only serves as a critique to empiricism, but it does not suffice to create a reliable framework of a theory of knowledge, that is, of epistemology. Empiricism and Epistemology There are four

ASSIGNMENT 5 PLAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

5 PLAY - Assignment Example Therefore I gather a few of my friends and decided to play cricket. The game is usually played with twenty two players with eleven players on both sides. We however made teams of four and it made it much more exciting. On the second play day I decided to play soccer. Due to the world cup fever small groups in our society regularly play soccer these days. I decided to become part of their training session. We tried a few free kicks and penalties. Answer: As mentioned the first play day was based on cricket. The teams were much smaller and there was no padding. Therefore the players were in a lighter mood altogether. In nature it is a very competitive game but due to a smaller number of players it became much friendlier. It really felt good hitting the ball over the top. There was no motivation to win or defeat our opponents. Most rules were made spontaneously along the way. On the second play date it was a training session and I was a rookie therefore there was no pressure. The other players applauded and laughed at my each short it was all fun. A couple of time the goal let my ball in willingly just to have a good laugh. Answer: To understand anything in life one has to be in their shoes. This is why I think learning to play is an important part of being a parent. Most parents force their children to spend extra time in study or work. I for once have felt the joy of the game and know that no amount of success in life can match the freedom of playing on the field. Answer: The responsibilities in life had a different perspective as I reflect now after my experience. There are no reasons that life can not fun. For example in a game you have to score a goal but you do it without worry or pressure. Similarly I think that one should not try to run away from the responsibilities of life but in fact learn to enjoy them. Answer: The play days really gave me mental freshness and agility. One back home I was eager to move from my couch and get work done. This shows